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In a 52-card deck there are 16 ten-valued cards: four tens, four jacks, four queens, and four kings. (For purposes of simplification, when I refer to a card as a "ten" or "X," it is understood to mean any 10, jack, queen, or king.) Every other denomination has only four cards, one of each suit. You are four times more likely to pull a ten out of the deck than, say, a deuce. Because of this, when the dealer's upcard is "high" —7, 8, 9, X, or A—he has a greater likelihood of finishing with a strong total than when his upcard is "low"—2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
So, if the dealer's upcard is a 7, 8, 9, X, or A, and you hold a "stiff"— any hand totaling 12 through 16—you would hit. When the dealer's hand indicates strength, you do not want to stand with a weak hand. Even though when you hit a stiff you're more likely to bust than to make a pat hand, you will lose more money in the long run if you stand on these weak hands when the dealer shows strength.
On the other hand, if the dealer's upcard is 2,3,4,5, or 6, and you hold a stiff hand, you should stand. Since he must hit his stiff hands, and since stiffs bust a large percentage of the time, hitting your weak hand isn't the right play.
Similarly, if the dealer's upcard indicates he may be stiff, it's in your favor to double down or to split pairs, thereby getting more money onto the table when the dealer has a good chance of busting. You double down and split pairs less often when the dealer shows a strong upcard.
That's the basic logic of casino blackjack. There are exceptions to these oversimplified guidelines, as the actual basic strategy decision for any given hand is determined by working out all of the mathematical probabilities, but this gives you a working idea of the strategy.
EARNING YOUR WHITE BELT
2 GENERIC BASIC STRATEGY
FOR ANY NUMBER OF DECKS 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 X A
STAND
17 S S S S s s S S S S
16 S S S S s H H H H H
15 S S S s s H H H H H
14 S s S s s H H H H H
13 S s S s s H H H H H
12 H H S s s H H H H H
A7 S s S s s s S H H H
DOUBLE DOWN
11 D D D D D D D D D D
10 D D D D D D D D
9 D D D D
A7 D D D D
A6 D D D D
A5 D D D
A4 D D D
A3 D D
A2 D D
SURRENDER (LATE)
16 0 0 0
15 0
S = Stand H = Hit D = Double Down 0 = Surrender
This generic basic strategy may be used for any g. ime. See Appendix
for comprehensive basic strategy according to all rule variations and the
specific number of decks in play.
PAIR-SPLITS
23456789XA
NO DOUBLE AFTER SPLITS
AA $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
99 $ $ $ $ $ $ $
88 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
77 $ $ $ $ $ $
66 $ $ $ $
33 $ $ $ $
22 $ $ $ $
WITH DOUBLE AFTER SPLITS
AA $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
99 $ $ $ $ $ $ $
88 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
77 $ $ $ $ $ $
66 $ $ $ $ $
44 $ $
33 $ $ $ $ $ $
22 $ $ $ $ $ $
INSURANCE
Do Not Take Insurance $ = Split
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The dealer completes his own hand only after all players have completed theirs. The dealer has no options: He is not allowed to double down or split any pair, he's not allowed to surrender, and he must hit any hand totaling less than 17 and stand on any hand of 17 or more. The only exception to this is that some casinos require the dealer to hit a soft 17 (such as A, 6). In these casinos, the dealer stands on hard 17 or over, and soft 18 or over. In no casino does the dealer have any choice about how to play his hand. He must follow house rules. If, for instance, you are playing in a face-up game and the dealer sees that you have stood on a total of 15, when his hand totals 16, he does not automatically win. He must hit his hand when his total is less than 17, and he will only win your bet if he does not bust.
That covers all of the rules of standard casino blackjack, although there are some obscure practices you may encounter that do not affect the game significantly: A few casinos offer bonuses for certain player hands, such as three sevens, or 6, 7, 8 of the same suit; some casinos offer a blackjack variation called Double Exposure in which both of the dealer's first two cards are dealt face up, but the dealer wins all ties. This is a relatively rare game, requiring a different strategy.
A few casinos also offer various side-bet options—Over/Under, Royal Match, and Super Sevens are among the most common. These types of options allow the player to place a separate bet, usually in a specially marked area of the table, and do not affect the play of the regular blackjack hand.
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